基础教育的普及始于工业革命,起初并不是出于人文层面的考量。由于大规模工业生产的出现,基础教育成为了必需品。工人需要拥有一定的手脑协调能力才能操控愈加复杂的机器。这种我们如今看起来习以为常的能力对于中世纪没有接受过任何教育的农民来说是极其困难的。

回想一下小时候的上学的经历就会意识到刚开始学习写字的时候字号都出奇的大,通过阅读和写作练上几个月可能写的字就慢慢变小直至正常水准。这其实就是一个手与大脑互相协调的过程。

纽约近海的Ellis Island如今已经成为旅游景点,但在二十世纪初这里是外来移民的集合点之一。从欧洲来的农民在这里接受所谓的精神测试(sanity test),其中一项就是将几块积木拼成测试者认为的最规则的形状。许多从未接受过教育的农民无法完成这项测试,进而被认定为精神失常遣返。

从这个层面来看,教育的普及不过就是工业革命带来的副产品。但工人们因此能够识字,和书写。为响应后期即将出现的各类革命小册子做下了铺垫。

Ellis Island, test for sanity, illiteracy not equal
Illiterate people unable to coordinate brain and writings, the power of education, first year education, writing words, large, second became smaller, is because of the fact developing hand brain coordination – better operator of the sophisticated machines
invest Money to education
church was used as schools
Industrial revolution requires education, writing and handling machines without breaking it.
Education became a necessity
Industrialized country start to educate public People like Carl Marx can write little pamphlet for mass public and public equipped the basic writing and reading skills Pandemics, epidemics Small dots, malaria, cholera
From peasants to industrial farmers